You Do Need power plug adapter while traveling from Madeira to Canary Islands.

Here is Why You Need An Adapter

The outlet and plug type used in Canary Islands are C, E and F and in Madeira are C and F. This is how they look like.

Madeira

In Madeira, outlets of type C and F are in use.

Type C

Type F

Canary Islands

In Canary Islands, outlets of type C, E and F are in use.

Type C

Type E

Type F