You Do Need power plug adapter while traveling from Taiwan to São Tomé and Príncipe.

Here is Why You Need An Adapter

The outlet and plug type used in São Tomé and Príncipe are C and F and in Taiwan are A and B. This is how they look like.

Taiwan

In Taiwan, outlets of type A and B are in use.

Type A

Type B

São Tomé and Príncipe

In São Tomé and Príncipe, outlets of type C and F are in use.

Type C

Type F